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<p><ins class="ice-ins ice-cts-1" data-changedata="" data-cid="6" data-last-change-time="1553869703610" data-time="1553869700551" data-userid="162" data-username="Author"><b>Argentina</b>&nbsp;(<small>Spanish:&nbsp;</small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aɾxenˈtina]</a>), officially the&nbsp;<b>Argentine Republic</b><sup id="cite_ref-altnames_2-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-altnames-2">[A]</a></sup>&nbsp;(Spanish:&nbsp;<i lang="es">Rep&uacute;blica Argentina</i>), is a country located mostly in the southern half of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. Sharing the bulk of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a>&nbsp;with&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>&nbsp;to the west, the country is also bordered by&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>&nbsp;to the north,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>&nbsp;to the northeast,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Atlantic_Ocean" title="South Atlantic Ocean">South Atlantic Ocean</a>&nbsp;to the east, and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_Passage" title="Drake Passage">Drake Passage</a>&nbsp;to the south. With a mainland area of 2,780,400&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>(1,073,500&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi),<sup id="cite_ref-excl_area_17-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-excl_area-17">[B]</a></sup>&nbsp;Argentina is the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">eighth-largest country</a>&nbsp;in the world, the fourth largest in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>, and the largest&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Spanish-speaking</a>&nbsp;nation. The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>&nbsp;is subdivided into twenty-three&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province" title="Province">provinces</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>:&nbsp;<i lang="es">provincias</i>, singular&nbsp;<i>provincia</i>) and one&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">autonomous city</a>&nbsp;(<i>ciudad aut&oacute;noma</i>),&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, which is the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">federal capital</a>&nbsp;of the nation (Spanish:&nbsp;<i lang="es">Capital Federal</i>) as decided by&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Congress" title="Argentine Congress">Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._3_22-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_of_Argentinaart._3-22">[20]</a></sup>&nbsp;The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_system" title="Federal system">federal system</a>. Argentina claims sovereignty over&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica" title="Argentine Antarctica">part of Antarctica</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">Falkland Islands</a>&nbsp;(Spanish:&nbsp;<i lang="es">Islas Malvinas</i>), and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Georgia_and_South_Sandwich_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a>.</ins></p>

<p><ins class="ice-ins ice-cts-1" data-changedata="" data-cid="6" data-last-change-time="1553869703610" data-time="1553869700551" data-userid="162" data-username="Author">The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>&nbsp;period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santillán197117_23-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbad_de_Santill%C3%A1n197117-23">[21]</a></sup>&nbsp;The country has its roots in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_empire" title="Spanish empire">Spanish colonization</a>&nbsp;of the region during the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrow1992128_24-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow1992128-24">[22]</a></sup>&nbsp;Argentina rose as the successor state of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the R&iacute;o de la Plata</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene194811Sánchez_Viamonte1948196–97Vanossi196411_25-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene194811S%C3%A1nchez_Viamonte1948196%E2%80%9397Vanossi196411-25">[23]</a></sup>&nbsp;a Spanish&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">overseas viceroyalty</a>&nbsp;founded in 1776. The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Argentine Declaration of Independence">declaration</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">fight for independence</a>&nbsp;(1810&ndash;1818) was followed by an&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Civil_Wars" title="Argentine Civil Wars">extended civil war</a>&nbsp;that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country&#39;s reorganization as a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">provinces</a>&nbsp;with&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>&nbsp;as its capital city. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_in_Argentina" title="Immigration in Argentina">several waves of European immigration</a>radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest nation in the world by the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013_26-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013-26">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDíaz_Alejandro19701_27-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTED%C3%ADaz_Alejandro19701-27">[25]</a></sup></ins></p>

<p><ins class="ice-ins ice-cts-1" data-changedata="" data-cid="6" data-last-change-time="1553869703610" data-time="1553869700551" data-userid="162" data-username="Author">Following the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>&nbsp;in the 1930s, Argentina descended into political instability and economic decline that pushed it back into underdevelopment,<sup id="cite_ref-developed_28-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-developed-28">[26]</a></sup>&nbsp;though it remained among the fifteen richest countries for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013_26-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoltVan_Zanden2013-26">[24]</a></sup>&nbsp;Following the death of President&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Juan Per&oacute;n</a>&nbsp;in 1974, his widow,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Martínez de Perón">Isabel Mart&iacute;nez de Per&oacute;n</a>, ascended to the presidency. She was overthrown in 1976 by a U.S.-backed&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">coup</a>&nbsp;which installed a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">military dictatorship</a>. The military government persecuted and murdered numerous political critics, activists, and leftists in the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a>, a period of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>&nbsp;that lasted until the election of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Ra&uacute;l Alfons&iacute;n</a>&nbsp;as President in 1983. Several of the junta&#39;s leaders were later convicted of their crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.</ins></p>

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